Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants (2024)

Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea; Zhou, Bin; Sophiea, Marisa K.; Bentham, James; Paciorek, Christopher J.; Iurilli, Maria L. C.; Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M.; Bennett, James E.; Di Cesare, Mariachiara; Taddei, Cristina; Bixby, Honor; Stevens, Gretchen A.; Riley, Leanne M.; Cowan, Melanie J.; Savin, Stefan; Danaei, Goodarz; Chirita-Emandi, Adela; Kengne, Andre P.; Khang, Young-Ho; Laxmaiah, Avula; Malekzadeh, Reza; Miranda, J. Jaime; Moon, Jin Soo; Popovic, Stevo R.; Sorensen, Thorkild I. A.; Soric, Maroje; Starc, Gregor; Zainuddin, Ahmad A.; Gregg, Edward W.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Black, Robert; Ezzati, Majid; Abarca-Gomez, Leandra; Abdeen, Ziad A.; Abdrakhmanova, Shynar; Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul; Rahim, Hanan F. Abdul; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M.; Garba, Jamila Abubakar; Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin; Adams, Robert J.; Aekplakorn, Wichai; Afsana, Kaosar; Afzal, Shoaib; Agdeppa, Imelda A.; Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A.; Agyemang, Charles; Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan; Ahmad, Noor Ani; Ahmadi, Ali; Ahmadi, Naser; Ahmed, Soheir H.; Ahrens, Wolfgang; Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira; Ajlouni, Kamel; Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M.; Al-Othman, Amani Rashed; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa; Alarouj, Monira; AlBuhairan, Fadia; AlDhukair, Shahla; Ali, Mohamed M.; Alkandari, Abdullah; Alkerwi, Ala'a; Allin, Kristine; Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar; Aly, Eman; Amarapurkar, Deepak N.; Amiri, Parisa; Amougou, Norbert; Amouyel, Philippe; Andersen, Lars Bo; Anderssen, Sigmund A.; Angquist, Lars; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer; Araujo, Joana; Ariansen, Inger; Aris, Tahir; Arku, Raphael E.; Arlappa, Nimmathota; Aryal, Krishna K.; Aspelund, Thor; Assah, Felix K.; Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F.; Aung, May Soe; Auvinen, Juha; Avdicova, Maria; Azevedo, Ana; Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen; Azizi, Fereidoun; Azmin, Mehrdad; Babu, Bontha V.; Jorgensen, Maja Baeksgaard; Baharudin, Azli; Bahijri, Suhad; Baker, Jennifer L.; Balakrishna, Nagalla; Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed; Banach, Maciej; Bandosz, Piotr; Banegas, Jose R.; Baran, Joanna; Barbagallo, Carlo M.; Barcelo, Alberto; Barkat, Amina; Barros, Aluisio J. D.; Barros, Mauro Virgilio Gomes; Basit, Abdul; Bastos, Joao Luiz D.; Bata, Iqbal; Batieha, Anwar M.; Batista, Rosangela L.; Battakova, Zhamilya; Batyrbek, Assembekov; Baur, Louise A.; Beaglehole, Robert; Bel-Serrat, Silvia; Belavendra, Antonisamy; Ben Romdhane, Habiba; Benedics, Judith; Benet, Mikhail; Bennett, James E.; Berkinbayev, Salim; Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio; Bernotiene, Gailute; Bettiol, Heloisa; Bezerra, Jorge; Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor; Bharadwaj, Sumit; Bhargava, Santosh K.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar A.; Bi, Hongsheng; Bi, Yufang; Bia, Daniel; Lele, Elysee Claude Bika; Bikbov, Mukharram M.; Bista, Bihungum; Bjelica, Dusko J.; Bjerregaard, Peter; Bjertness, Espen; Bjertness, Marius B.; Bjorkelund, Cecilia; Bloch, Katia V.; Blokstra, Anneke; Bo, Simona; Bobak, Martin; Boddy, Lynne M.; Boehm, Bernhard O.; Boeing, Heiner; Boggia, Jose G.; Bogova, Elena; Boissonnet, Carlos P.; Bojesen, Stig E.; Bonaccio, Marialaura; Bongard, Vanina; Bonilla-Vargas, Alice; Bopp, Matthias; Borghs, Herman; Bovet, Pascal; Braeckevelt, Lien; Braeckman, Lutgart; Bragt, Marjolijn C. E.; Brajkovich, Imperia; Branca, Francesco; Breckenkamp, Juergen; Breda, Joao; Brenner, Hermann; Brewster, Lizzy M.; Brian, Garry R.; Brinduse, Lacramioara; Brophy, Sinead; Bruno, Graziella; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas; Bugge, Anna; Buoncristiano, Marta; Burazeri, Genc; Burns, Con; de Leon, Antonio Cabrera; Cacciottolo, Joseph; Cai, Hui; Cama, Tilema; Cameron, Christine; Camolas, Jose; Can, Gunay; Candido, Ana Paula C.; Canete, Felicia; Capanzana, Mario V.; Capkova, Nadezda; Capuano, Eduardo; Capuano, Vincenzo; Cardol, Marloes; Cardoso, Viviane C.; Carlsson, Axel C.; Carmuega, Esteban; Carvalho, Joana; Casajus, Jose A.; Casanueva, Felipe F.; Celikcan, Ertugrul; Censi, Laura; Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin; Cesar, Juraci A.; Chamukuttan, Snehalatha; Chan, Angelique W.; Chan, Queenie; Chaturvedi, Himanshu K.; Chaturvedi, Nish; Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul; Chen, Chien-Jen; Chen, Fangfang; Chen, Huashuai; Chen, Shuohua; Chen, Zhengming; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Cheraghian, Bahman; Chetrit, Angela; Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina; Chiolero, Arnaud; Chiou, Shu-Ti; Chirita-Emandi, Adela; Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores; Cho, Belong; Christensen, Kaare; Christofaro, Diego G.; Chudek, Jerzy; Cifkova, Renata; Cilia, Michelle; Cinteza, Eliza; Claessens, Frank; Clarke, Janine; Clays, Els; Cohen, Emmanuel; Concin, Hans; Confortin, Susana C.; Cooper, Cyrus; Coppinger, Tara C.; Corpeleijn, Eva; Costanzo, Simona; Cottel, Dominique; Cowell, Chris; Craig, Cora L.; Crampin, Amelia C.; Crujeiras, Ana B.; Csilla, Semanova; Cucu, Alexandra M.; Cui, Liufu; Cureau, Felipe V.; D'Arrigo, Graziella; d'Orsi, Eleonora; Dacica, Liliana; Saavedra, Maria Angeles Dal Re; Dallongeville, Jean; Damasceno, Albertino; Damsgaard, Camilla T.; Danaei, Goodarz; Dankner, Rachel; Dantoft, Thomas M.; Dasgupta, Parasmani; Dastgiri, Saeed; Dauchet, Luc; Davletov, Kairat; De Backer, Guy; De Bacquer, Dirk; de Gaetano, Giovanni; De Henauw, Stefaan; de Oliveira, Paula Duarte; De Ridder, David; De Ridder, Karin; de Rooij, Susanne R.; De Smedt, Delphine; Deepa, Mohan; Deev, Alexander D.; DeGennaro, Vincent, Jr.; Dehghan, Abbas; Delisle, Helene; Delpeuch, Francis; Demarest, Stefaan; Dennison, Elaine; Deren, Katarzyna; Deschamps, Valerie; Dhana, Klodian; Dhimal, Meghnath; Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F.; Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares; Diaz-Sanchez, Maria Elena; Diaz, Alejandro; Dika, Zivka; Djalalinia, Shirin; Djordjic, Visnja; Do, Ha T. P.; Dobson, Annette J.; Donati, Maria Benedetta; Donfrancesco, Chiara; Donoso, Silvana P.; Doring, Angela; Dorobantu, Maria; Dorosty, Ahmad Reza; Doua, Kouamelan; Drygas, Wojciech; Duan, Jia Li; Duante, Charmaine A.; Duboz, Priscilla; Duda, Rosemary B.; Duleva, Vesselka; Dulskiene, Virginija; Dumith, Samuel C.; Dushpanova, Anar; Dzerve, Vilnis; Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta; Eddie, Ricky; Eftekhar, Ebrahim; Egbagbe, Eruke E.; Eggertsen, Robert; Eghtesad, Sareh; Eiben, Gabriele; Ekelund, Ulf; El-Khateeb, Mohammad; El Ati, Jalila; Eldemire-Shearer, Denise; Eliasen, Marie; Elliott, Paul; Engle-Stone, Reina; Enguerran, Macia; Erasmus, Rajiv T.; Erbel, Raimund; Erem, Cihangir; Eriksen, Louise; Eriksson, Johan G.; Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge; Eslami, Saeid; Esmaeili, Ali; Evans, Alun; Faeh, David; Fakhretdinova, Albina A.; Fall, Caroline H.; Faramarzi, Elnaz; Farjam, Mojtaba; Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fattahi, Mohammad Reza; Fawwad, Asher; Felix-Redondo, Francisco J.; Ferguson, Trevor S.; Fernandes, Romulo A.; Fernandez-Berges, Daniel; Ferrante, Daniel; Ferrao, Thomas; Ferrari, Marika; Ferrario, Marco M.; Ferreccio, Catterina; Ferrer, Eldridge; Ferrieres, Jean; Figueiro, Thamara Hubler; Fijalkowska, Anna; Fink, Gunther; Fischer, Krista; Foger, Bernhard; Foo, Leng Huat; Forsner, Maria; Fouad, Heba M.; Francis, Damian K.; Franco, Maria do Carmo; Franco, Oscar H.; Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth; Frontera, Guillermo; Fuchs, Flavio D.; Fuchs, Sandra C.; Fujiati, Isti I.; Fujita, Yuki; Fumihiko, Matsuda; Furusawa, Takuro; Gaciong, Zbigniew; Gafencu, Mihai; Galbarczyk, Andrzej; Galenkamp, Henrike; Galeone, Daniela; Galfo, Myriam; Galvano, Fabio; Gao, Jingli; Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli; Garcia-Solano, Marta; Gareta, Dickman; Garnett, Sarah P.; Gaspoz, Jean-Michel; Gasull, Magda; Gaya, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo; Gaya, Anelise Reis; Gazzinelli, Andrea; Gehring, Ulrike; Geiger, Harald; Geleijnse, Johanna M.; Ghanbari, Ali; Ghasemi, Erfan; Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina; Giampaoli, Simona; Gianfa*gna, Francesco; Gill, Tiffany K.; Giovannelli, Jonathan; Gironella, Glen; Giwercman, Aleksander; Gkiouras, Konstantinos; Godos, Justyna; Gogen, Sibel; Goldsmith, Rebecca A.; Goltzman, David; Gomez, Santiago F.; Gomula, Aleksandra; da Silva, Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro; Goncalves, Helen; Gonzalez-Chica, David A.; Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela; Gonzalez-Leon, Margot; Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P.; Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio; Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena; Gonzalez, Angel R.; Gottrand, Frederic; Graca, Antonio Pedro; Graff-Iversen, Sidsel; Grafnetter, Dusan; Grajda, Aneta; Grammatikopoulou, Maria G.; Gregor, Ronald D.; Grodzicki, Tomasz; Groholt, Else Karin; Grontved, Anders; Grosso, Giuseppe; Gruden, Gabriella; Gu, Dongfeng; Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela; Guallar-Castillon, Pilar; Gualtieri, Andrea; Gudmundsson, Elias F.; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Guerrero, Ramiro; Guessous, Idris; Guimaraes, Andre L.; Gulliford, Martin C.; Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna; Gunter, Marc J.; Guo, Xiu-Hua; Guo, Yin; Gupta, Prakash C.; Gupta, Rajeev; Gureje, Oye; Gurzkowska, Beata; Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Enrique; Gutierrez, Laura; Gutzwiller, Felix; Ha, Seongjun; Hadaegh, Farzad; Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A.; Haghshenas, Rosa; Hakimi, Hamid; Halkjaer, Jytte; Hambleton, Ian R.; Hamzeh, Behrooz; Hange, Dominique; Hanif, Abu A. M.; Hantunen, Sari; Kumar, Rachakulla Hari; Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad; Hassapidou, Maria; Hata, Jun; Haugsgjerd, Teresa; Hayes, Alison J.; He, Jiang; He, Yuan; He, Yuna; Heidinger-Felso, Regina; Heinen, Mirjam; Hejgaard, Tatjana; Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth; Henrique, Rafael dos Santos; Henriques, Ana; Cadena, Leticia Hernandez; Herrala, Sauli; Herrera, Victor M.; Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle; Heshmat, Ramin; Hill, Allan G.; Ho, Sai Yin; Ho, Suzanne C.; Hobbs, Michael; Hofman, Albert; Bergh, Ingunn Holden; Holdsworth, Michelle; Homayounfar, Reza; Homs, Clara; Hopman, Wilma M.; Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R.; Hormiga, Claudia M.; Horta, Bernardo L.; Houti, Leila; Howitt, Christina; Thein Thein Htay; Htet, Aung Soe; Htike, Maung Maung Than; Hu, Yonghua; Huerta, Jose Maria; Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani; Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac; Husseini, Abdullatif; Chinh Nguyen Huu; Huybrechts, Inge; Hwalla, Nahla; Hyska, Jolanda; Iacoviello, Licia; Ibarluzea, Jesus M.; Ibrahim, Mohsen M.; Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim; Ikeda, Nayu; Ikram, M. Arfan; Iotova, Violeta; Irazola, Vilma E.; Ishida, Takafumi; Islam, Muhammad; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Iwasaki, Masanori; Jackson, Rod T.; Jacobs, Jeremy M.; Jaddou, Hashem Y.; Jafar, Tazeen; James, Kenneth; Jamil, Kazi M.; Jamrozik, Konrad; Janszky, Imre; Janus, Edward; Jarani, Juel; Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta; Jasienska, Grazyna; Jelakovic, Ana; Jelakovic, Bojan; Jennings, Garry; Jha, Anjani Kumar; Jiang, Chao Qiang; Jimenez, Ramon O.; Jockel, Karl-Heinz; Joffres, Michel; Johansson, Mattias; Jokelainen, Jari J.; Jonas, Jost B.; Jorgensen, Torben; Joshi, Pradeep; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jovic, Dragana P.; Jozwiak, Jacek J.; Juolevi, Anne; Jurak, Gregor; Simina, Iulia Jurca; Juresa, Vesna; Kaaks, Rudolf; Kaducu, Felix O.; Kafatos, Anthony; Kajantie, Eero O.; Kalmatayeva, Zhanna; Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra; Kameli, Yves; Kanala, Kodanda R.; Kannan, Srinivasan; Kapantais, Efthymios; Karki, Khem B.; Katibeh, Marzieh; Katz, Joanne; Katzmarzyk, Peter T.; Kauhanen, Jussi; Kaur, Prabhdeep; Kavousi, Maryam; Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M.; Keil, Ulrich; Boker, Lital Keinan; Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka; Kelishadi, Roya; Kelleher, Cecily; Kemper, Han C. G.; Kengne, Andre P.; Keramati, Maryam; Kerimkulova, Alina; Kersting, Mathilde; Key, Timothy; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khalili, Davood; Khang, Young-Ho; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Kheiri, Bahareh; Kheradmand, Motahareh; Khosravi, Alireza; Khouw, Ilse M. S. L.; Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula; Kiechl, Stefan; Killewo, Japhet; Kim, Dong Wook; Kim, Hyeon Chang; Kim, Jeongseon; Kindblom, Jenny M.; Klakk, Heidi; Klimek, Magdalena; Klimont, Jeannette; Klumbiene, Jurate; Knoflach, Michael; Koirala, Bhawesh; Kolle, Elin; Kolsteren, Patrick; Konig, Jurgen; Korpelainen, Raija; Korrovits, Paul; Korzycka, Magdalena; Kos, Jelena; Koskinen, Seppo; Kouda, Katsuyasu; Kovacs, Viktoria A.; Kowlessur, Sudhir; Koziel, Slawomir; Kratzer, Wolfgang; Kriemler, Susi; Kristensen, Peter Lund; Krokstad, Steiner; Kromhout, Daan; Krtalic, Branimir; Kruger, Herculina S.; Kubinova, Ruzena; Kuciene, Renata; Kujala, Urho M.; Kujundzic, Enisa; Kulaga, Zbigniew; Kumar, R. Krishna; Kunesova, Marie; Kurjata, Pawel; Kusuma, Yadlapalli S.; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Kyobutungi, Catherine; Quang Ngoc Nguyen; Laamiri, Fatima Zahra; Laatikainen, Tiina; Lachat, Carl; Laid, Youcef; Lam, Tai Hing; Lambrinou, Christina-Paulina; Landais, Edwige; Lanska, Vera; Lappas, Georg; Larijani, Bagher; Latt, Tint Swe; Lauria, Laura; Laxmaiah, Avula; Lazo-Porras, Maria; Khanh Le Nguyen Bao; Le Port, Agnes; Le, Tuyen D.; Lee, Jeannette; Lee, Jeonghee; Lee, Paul H.; Lehmann, Nils; Lehtimaki, Terho; Lemogoum, Daniel; Levitt, Naomi S.; Li, Yanping; Liivak, Merike; Lilly, Christa L.; Lim, Wei-Yen; Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda; Lin, Hsien-Ho; Lin, Xu; Lin, Yi-Ting; Lind, Lars; Linneberg, Allan; Lissner, Lauren; Litwin, Mieczyslaw; Liu, Jing; Liu, Lijuan; Lo, Wei-Cheng; Loit, Helle-Mai; Khuong Quynh Long; Lopes, Luis; Lopes, Oscar; Lopez-Garcia, Esther; Lopez, Tania; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lozano, Jose Eugenio; Lukrafka, Janice L.; Luksiene, Dalia; Lundqvist, Annamari; Lundqvist, Robert; Lunet, Nuno; Lunogelo, Charles; Lustigova, Michala; Luszczki, Edyta; Ma, Guansheng; Ma, Jun; Ma, Xu; Machado-Coelho, George L. L.; Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M.; Machi, Suka; Macieira, Luisa M.; Madar, Ahmed A.; Maggi, Stefania; Magliano, Dianna J.; Magnacca, Sara; Magriplis, Emmanuella; Mahasampath, Gowri; Maire, Bernard; Majer, Marjeta; Makdisse, Marcia; Maki, Paivi; Malekzadeh, Fatemeh; Malekzadeh, Reza; Malhotra, Rahul; Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna; Malyutina, Sofia K.; Maniego, Lynell V.; Manios, Yannis; Mann, Jim I.; Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz; Manzato, Enzo; Margozzini, Paula; Markaki, Anastasia; Markey, Oonagh; Ioannidou, Eliza Markidou; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Marques, Larissa Pruner; Marrugat, Jaume; Martin-Prevel, Yves; Martin, Rosemarie; Martorell, Reynaldo; Martos, Eva; Marventano, Stefano; Mascarenhas, Luis P.; Masoodi, Shariq R.; Mathiesen, Ellisiv B.; Mathur, Prashant; Matijasevich, Alicia; Matsha, Tandi E.; Mavrogianni, Christina; Mazur, Artur; Mbanya, Jean Claude N.; McFarlane, Shelly R.; McGarvey, Stephen T.; McKee, Martin; McLachlan, Stela; McLean, Rachael M.; McLean, Scott B.; McNulty, Breige A.; Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia; Medzioniene, Jurate; Mehdipour, Parinaz; Mehlig, Kirsten; Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang; Meirhaeghe, Aline; Meisfjord, Jorgen; Meisinger, Christa; Menezes, Ana Maria B.; Menon, Geetha R.; Mensink, Gert B. M.; Menzano, Maria Teresa; Mereke, Alibek; Meshram, Indrapal I.; Metspalu, Andres; Mi, Jie; Michaelsen, Kim F.; Michels, Nathalie; Mikkel, Kairit; Milkowska, Karolina; Miller, Jody C.; Minderico, Claudia S.; Mini, G. K.; Miquel, Juan Francisco; Miranda, J. Jaime; Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza; Mirkopoulou, Daphne; Mirrakhimov, Erkin; Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta; Mistretta, Antonio; Mocanu, Veronica; Modesti, Pietro A.; Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi; Mohajer, Bahram; Mohamed, Mostafa K.; Mohamed, Shukri F.; Mohammad, Kazem; Mohammadi, Zahra; Mohammadifard, Noushin; Mohammadpourhodki, Reza; Mohan, Viswanathan; Mohanna, Salim; Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd; Mohebbi, Iraj; Mohebi, Farnam; Moitry, Marie; Molbo, Drude; Mollehave, Line T.; Moller, Niels C.; Molnar, Denes; Momenan, Amirabbas; Mondo, Charles K.; Monroy-Valle, Michele; Monterrubio-Flores, Eric; Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K.; Moon, Jin Soo; Moosazadeh, Mahmood; Moreira, Leila B.; Morejon, Alain; Moreno, Luis A.; Morgan, Karen; Morin, Suzanne N.; Mortensen, Erik Lykke; Moschonis, George; Mossakowska, Malgorzata; Mostafa, Aya; Mota-Pinto, Anabela; Mota, Jorge; Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel; Motta, Jorge; Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos Andre; Mridha, Malay K.; Msyamboza, Kelias P.; Thet Thet Mu; Muc, Magdalena; Mugosa, Boban; Muiesan, Maria L.; Mukhtorova, Parvina; Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina; Murphy, Neil; Mursu, Jaakko; Murtagh, Elaine M.; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Milanovic, Sanja Music; Musil, Vera; Mustafa, Norlaila; Nabipour, Iraj; Naderimagham, Shohreh; Nagel, Gabriele; Naidu, Balkish M.; Najafi, Farid; Nakamura, Harunobu; Namesna, Jana; Nang, Ei Ei K.; Nangia, Vinay B.; Nankap, Martin; Narake, Sameer; Nardone, Paola; Nauck, Matthias; Neal, William A.; Nejatizadeh, Azim; Nelis, Keiu; Nelis, Liis; Nenko, Ilona; Neovius, Martin; Nervi, Flavio; Nguyen, Chung T.; Nguyen, Nguyen D.; Quang Ngoc Nguyen; Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E.; Nikitin, Yury P.; Ning, Guang; Ninomiya, Toshiharu; Nishtar, Sania; Noale, Marianna; Noboa, Oscar A.; Nogueira, Helena; Norat, Teresa; Nordendahl, Maria; Nordestgaard, Borge G.; Noto, Davide; Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia; Al Nsour, Mohannad; Nuhoglu, Irfan; Nurk, Eha; O'Neill, Terence W.; O'Reilly, Dermot; Obreja, Galina; Ochimana, Caleb; Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M.; Oda, Eiji; Oh, Kyungwon; Ohara, Kumiko; Ohlsson, Claes; Ohtsuka, Ryutaro; Olafsson, Orn; Olinto, Maria Teresa A.; Oliveira, Isabel O.; Omar, Mohd Azahadi; Onat, Altan; Ong, Sok King; Ono, Lariane M.; Ordunez, Pedro; Ornelas, Rui; Ortiz, Ana P.; Ortiz, Pedro J.; Osler, Merete; Osmond, Clive; Ostojic, Sergej M.; Ostovar, Afshin; Otero, Johanna A.; Overvad, Kim; Owusu-Dabo, Ellis; Paccaud, Fred Michel; Padez, Cristina; Pagkalos, Ioannis; Pahom*ova, Elena; de Paiva, Karina Mary; Pajak, Andrzej; Palli, Domenico; Palloni, Alberto; Palmieri, Luigi; Pan, Wen-Harn; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandey, Arvind; Panza, Francesco; Papandreou, Dimitrios; Park, Soon-Woo; Park, Suyeon; Parnell, Winsome R.; Parsaeian, Mahboubeh; Pascanu, Ionela M.; Pasquet, Patrick; Patel, Nikhil D.; Pednekar, Mangesh S.; Peer, Nasheeta; Peixoto, Sergio Viana; Peltonen, Markku; Pereira, Alexandre C.; Peres, Marco A.; Perez-Farinos, Napoleon; Perez, Cynthia M.; Peterkova, Valentina; Peters, Annette; Petersmann, Astrid; Petkeviciene, Janina; Petrauskiene, Ausra; Pettenuzzo, Emanuela; Peykari, Niloofar; Son Thai Pham; Pichardo, Rafael N.; Pierannunzio, Daniela; Pigeot, Iris; Pikhart, Hynek; Pilav, Aida; Pilotto, Lorenza; Pistelli, Francesco; Pitakaka, Freda; Piwonska, Aleksandra; Pizarro, Andreia N.; Plans-Rubio, Pedro; Poh, Bee Koon; Pohlabeln, Hermann; Pop, Raluca M.; Popovic, Stevo R.; Porta, Miquel; Posch, Georg; Poudyal, Anil; Poulimeneas, Dimitrios; Pouraram, Hamed; Pourfarzi, Farhad; Pourshams, Akram; Poustchi, Hossein; Pradeepa, Rajendra; Price, Alison J.; Price, Jacqueline F.; Providencia, Rui; Puder, Jardena J.; Pudule, Iveta; Puhakka, Soile E.; Puiu, Maria; Punab, Margus; Qasrawi, Radwan F.; Qorbani, Mostafa; Tran Quoc Bao; Radic, Ivana; Radisauskas, Ricardas; Rahimikazerooni, Salar; Rahman, Mahfuzar; Rahman, Mahmudur; Raitakari, Olli; Raj, Manu; Rakhimova, Ellina; Rakhmatulloev, Sherali; Rakovac, Ivo; Rao, Sudha Ramachandra; Ramachandran, Ambady; Ramke, Jacqueline; Ramos, Elisabete; Ramos, Rafel; Rampal, Lekhraj; Rampal, Sanjay; Rarra, Vayia; Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A.; Rasmussen, Mette; Rech, Cassiano Ricardo; Redon, Josep; Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M.; Regecova, Valeria; Revilla, Luis; Rezaianzadeh, Abbas; Ribas-Barba, Lourdes; Ribeiro, Robespierre; Riboli, Elio; Richter, Adrian; Rigo, Fernando; Rinaldo, Natascia; de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke; Rito, Ana; Ritti-Dias, Raphael M.; Rivera, Juan A.; Robitaille, Cynthia; Roccaldo, Romana; Rodrigues, Daniela; Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando; Rodriguez-Perez, Maria del Cristo; Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A.; Roggenbuck, Ulla; Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba; Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa; Romaguera, Dora; Romeo, Elisabetta L.; Rosario, Rafaela V.; Rosengren, Annika; Rouse, Ian; Roy, Joel G. 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(2020) Lancet, volume 396, issue 10261, pp. 1511 - 1524

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Keywords: General Medicine

ISSN: 0140-6736

Publisher: Elsevier Limited

Note: Funding Information: ME reports a charitable grant from the AstraZeneca Young Health Programme, and personal fees from Prudential and Scor, outside the submitted work. MS reports grants from the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement number 774548, during the conduct of the study. All other authors declare no competing interests. Funding Information: The NCD-RisC database was supported by a Biomedical Resource and Multi-user Equipment Grant from the Wellcome Trust (101506/Z/13/Z) and was expanded to include children and adolescents with partial support by a charitable grant from AstraZeneca Young Health Programme. The analysis in this paper was partly supported by the STOP project which received funding from EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement 774548. The content of this publication reflects only the views of the authors, and the European Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Editorial note: the Lancet Group takes a neutral position with respect to territorial claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Funding Information: The NCD-RisC database was supported by a Biomedical Resource and Multi-user Equipment Grant from the Wellcome Trust (101506/Z/13/Z) and was expanded to include children and adolescents with partial support by a charitable grant from AstraZeneca Young Health Programme. The analysis in this paper was partly supported by the STOP project which received funding from EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement 774548. The content of this publication reflects only the views of the authors, and the European Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license

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